Numerical Study of Fluid Flow and Hydrodynamic Forces in a Kaplan Turbine Using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Studi Numerik Aliran Fluida dan Gaya Hidrodinamik pada Turbin Kaplan Menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21070/r.e.m.v11i1.1829Keywords:
Kaplan Turbine; CFD; Pressure Distribution; Velocity Distribution; Hydrodynamic TorqueAbstract
Indonesia memiliki kekayaan sumber daya air yang besar dengan karakteristik low-head, sehingga turbin Kaplan menjadi teknologi paling sesuai dikembangkan karena efisiensi konversi energinya yang tinggi. Namun, tekanan tidak stabil sering menyebabkan risiko kerusakan serius pada komponen poros turbin akibat beban dinamis yang kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik distribusi tekanan, distribusi kecepatan, dan torsi hidrodinamik pada sistem turbin Kaplan Tarum Barat menggunakan data operasional aktual Perum Jasa Tirta II. Metode Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan model turbulensi k-omega SST digunakan untuk mendeteksi verifikasi aliran secara akurat pada kondisi 250 rpm dan debit 2,46 m³/s. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan validitas tinggi dengan nilai error torsi 4,28% antara hasil numerik terhadap data torsi pengukuran. Temuan menunjukkan gradien distribusi tekanan stabil pada permukaan sudu dengan kecepatan aliran maksimal 25,61 m/s. Fenomena tersebut menghasilkan torsi rata-rata 5,739 Nm. Studi ini memberikan referensi kuantitatif bagi peningkatan reliabilitas dan standar perancangan sistem transmisi turbin air di sektor industri .
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