Effect of Air Fuel Ratio to Quality of Municipal Solid Waste Using Downdraft Gasification Pengaruh Air Fuel Ratio Gasifikasi Sampah Padat Perkotaan Menggunakan Gasifikasi Tipe Downdraft Terhadap Kualitas Gasifikasi
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Abstract
Gasifikasi menggunakan limbah padat kota (MSW) berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas lingkungan dan peningkatan pasokan listrik untuk daerah-daerah yang sulit dijangkau, khususnya di Indonesia. Namun proses gasifikasi membutuhkan proses pengujian kualitas terlebih dahulu agar dapat menghasilkan produk syngas dan kelistrikan yang maksimal. Maka dalam penelitian ini dilakukan proses pengujian pengaruh variasi Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) terhadap kualitas proses gasifikasi (Cold Gas Efficiency (CGE), Carbon Conversion Efficiency (CCE), dan specific fuel consumption (sfc) atau konversi konsumsi spesifik). Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan proses gasifikasi dengan tipe downdraft pada nilai AFR 0,5; 0,51; 0,53; 0,54; 0,55. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan nilai syngas seiring dengan peningkatan nilai AFR. Sedangkan nilai CGE meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya AFR proses gasifikasi MSW. Peningkatan terjadi dari 9 menjadi 13%, meskipun hasil ini masih sangat rendah. Di sisi lain, CCE juga mengalami peningkatan dengan meningkatnya AFR gasifikasi MSW. Peningkatan nilai terlihat dari 33-43%. Hasil ini juga masih tergolong kecil, artinya efisiensi konversi karbon pada proses ini sangat rendah. Pada akhirnya, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai scf menurun dengan meningkatnya AFR. Penurunan yang didapat adalah dari 5,3 menjadi 2.
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